Machine tool has variety of parts, according to the structural characteristic, function and the load characteristic, can be divided into shaft part, gear part, machine tool guide rail, etc. And the different parts used materials will be different, so have to be very cautious on select material.
Machine tool shaft part material selection
Machine tool spindle is the most main shaft parts in machine tool, but because machine tool type is different, main shaft working condition is also different. According to the load size and type of the main shaft while working, generally can be divided into four categories:
(1) Light load main shaft. Working load is small, the impact load is not big, shaft neck without serious wear and tear. Such as ordinary lathe main shaft, this shaft is generally made of 45 steel.
(2) Medium load main shaft. Medium load, serious wear and tear, and have certain impact load. Such as milling machine main shaft, is commonly made of alloy hardened and tempered steel, such as 40 Cr steel.
(3) Heavy load main shaft. Working load is big, wear and impact are more serious. For example, the work load is big combination machine main shaft. It is commonly made of 20CrMnTi steel.
(4) High precision main shaft. Some machine tool main shaft working load is small, but the accuracy demand is very high, so the choice of material deformation should be minimal after heat treatment, in work process wear should be very mild. For example, the precision boring machine main shaft, is commonly made of 38CrMoAlA dedicated nitriding steel.
Machine tool gear part material selection
(1) Light load gear. Rotation speed is generally not high, mostly made of 45 steel.
(2) Medium load gear. It is commonly made of 45 steel. And large size gear, is made of 40 Cr etc. alloy hardened and tempered steel. For example, the machine tool gear of driving system and feeding system.
(3) Heavy load gear. For some large working load, especially in high speed and large impact load most of the gear are made of 20Cr、20CrMnTi etc. carburizing steel. For example: some important drive gear of transmission.
Machine tool guide rail material selection
The accuracy of machine tool guide rail affects the precision of the whole machine tool, so the machine tool guide rail is usually made of grey cast iron, because grey cast iron is not easy to deformation and wear, and it is under the condition of lubrication abrasion resistance is better.